What is infertility?
Infertility refers to the inability to conceive a child or carry a pregnancy to full term after 1 year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects an estimated 15% of couples globally.
The causes behind infertility are complex and can involve one or both partners.
Common causes in women include:
- Ovulation disorders like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Damage to fallopian tubes or uterus
- Endometriosis
- Primary ovarian insufficiency
In men, infertility is often linked to:
- Low sperm count or quality
- Varicoceles
- Genetic factors
- Medication, drug, alcohol use
- Antisperm antibodies
In some cases, the root cause remains unexplained. Environmental toxins, stress, cellular damage due to aging, and lifestyle factors like obesity, STDs, smoking, strenuous athletic training can negatively impact fertility too.